|
|
Enzymatic Degradation of Biochar
Zmijová, Marie ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
Human prosperity is inextricably linked to healthy soil. It turns out that the application of biochar improves soil properties and, as a result, also the growth and yield of plants. The presence and activity of soil biota contributes to soil quality, but it also excretes compounds that can degrade biochar. Experiments simulating the action of enzymes and root exudates were carried out in order to find out whether there are physico-chemical changes in biochar. Three biochars, which were chosen for this purpose were degraded using an H2O2 solution, simulating enzymatic action. Samples were subsequently analyzed using TGA, FTIR, SEM and contact angle measurement. It was found that the amount and type of degraded biochar matter depends on the parameters of its production. The amount of functional groups containing oxygen on the surface of biochar rises due to enzymatic oxidation and the surface’s hydrophobicity decreases as a result. An extraction test using citric acid, a root exudate representative, showed that the sample had been washed more effectively, leading to a higher proportion of organic matter in the biochars. In the obtained leachates, the amount of elements released from the biochar was monitored using ICP-OES. The initial washing led to the release of the largest amount of micro and macro elements, which caused a decrease in the pH value of the solution and an increase in conductivity. The pH value of the solution had a major influence on the amount of released multivalent elements (Ca, Mg). The combination of these changes that may occur in the soil system probably does not change the desired effect of biochar and its use may be beneficial in the long term.
|
|
|
Bioturbation and its role in soil formation
Burešová, Andrea ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
Bioturbation in degradated soils can improve colonization of habitat by plants and fauna, which positively influence soil properties and improve the soil regeneration. Bad conditions dominate in habitats where bioturbation activity inhibiting this colonization, and soil degradation can be increased and affect the soil erosion. The absence of soil bioturbators is noticeable from soil micromorfology. To compare with stands, where soil bioturbators are present, here we will not find any biostructures and mixing of soil profile is minimal. The result is, alter alia, low amount of soil organic matter leading to higher competition for nutrients among units. In this thesis the main factor influencing present of soil ecosystem engineers, in this case earthworms,is clima. Comparimg soil micromorfology of four habitats placed on climatic gradient from east to west of USA can be inferred, which role play soil bioturbators in first five centimetres of soil. Was determine how soil structure is affected by their activity during three successional phases and which factors influence thein presence or absence. In conclusion, differences between climatic conditions lead to different succession of ecosystem,mainly composition of different species in the community. It leads to variable soil structure characteristic...
|
|
| |
|
|
Optimalization of ecological network near Vyskov due to biota migration to the Drahanska highland
Lainka, Radim
The master thesis deals with optimization ecological network for biota near Vyskov. First part introduces the current knowledge about the large mammal migration in relation with the territory of Czech Republic, ecological networks, also about TSES. Second part of this project talks about relationship of the Drahanska highland. Third part of this project includes information about my study area. Briefly sum up its history influenced by humans, position of my study area, its abiotic and biotic conditions and landownership relations of area. Further on, it tells something about the wildlife management, mainly about roadkill and introduces the animal occurrence in the area. It includes the updated data about TSES elements inside my study area. Further on examines the current change of supra-regional biocorridor NRBK08 (MH), situation around the town of Vyskov in relation with long distance corridor gets under D1 highway located between Brno and Olomouc city. And introduces information about the main migration obstacles for Drahanska highland. The last part examines mammal migration in the 2014 under the highway bridge. It is also devoted to the optimized ecological network that corresponds with the Long Distance Migration Corridor. The final part talks about optimal size and tree composition in the new planned local biocentre and parts of the supra-regional biocorridor of the ecological network.
|
|
|
Bioturbation and its role in soil formation
Burešová, Andrea ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
Bioturbation in degradated soils can improve colonization of habitat by plants and fauna, which positively influence soil properties and improve the soil regeneration. Bad conditions dominate in habitats where bioturbation activity inhibiting this colonization, and soil degradation can be increased and affect the soil erosion. The absence of soil bioturbators is noticeable from soil micromorfology. To compare with stands, where soil bioturbators are present, here we will not find any biostructures and mixing of soil profile is minimal. The result is, alter alia, low amount of soil organic matter leading to higher competition for nutrients among units. In this thesis the main factor influencing present of soil ecosystem engineers, in this case earthworms,is clima. Comparimg soil micromorfology of four habitats placed on climatic gradient from east to west of USA can be inferred, which role play soil bioturbators in first five centimetres of soil. Was determine how soil structure is affected by their activity during three successional phases and which factors influence thein presence or absence. In conclusion, differences between climatic conditions lead to different succession of ecosystem,mainly composition of different species in the community. It leads to variable soil structure characteristic...
|
|
| |
|
|
Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Zhodnocení vlivu hospodářských zásahů na diverzitu půdních biot ve vybraných zvláště chráněných územích
Ústav půdní biologie AV ČR, České Budějovice ; Tajovský, Karel ; Starý, Josef ; Nováková, Alena ; Lukešová, Alena ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Balík, Vladimír ; Pižl, Václav
Cílem dílčího projektu, jehož řešení je rozvrženo do čtyř let (2000-2003), je shromáždění základních poznatků o diverzitě modelových skupin půdních organismů na lokalitách Trojmezná a Smrčina, NPR Boubín a NPR Žákova hora, a vyhodnocení vlivu hospodářských zásahů na půdní biotu v těchto územích. Syntéza získaných poznatků slouží k navržení vhodného managementu porostů vedoucímu k zachování a ochraně biodiverzity. Tato zpráva je shrnutím výsledků v roce 2000 a 2001. Materiál a data z podzimních odběrů v roce 2001 jsou v případě některých skupin půdních biot ve fázi zpracování či následných analýz a nemohly být vzhledem k termínu odevzdání do této zprávy zahrnuty.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
